goovanced

Affirmations for physical condition

2010-01-24T22:20:00.000-08:00

• I have the power to control my physical condition.
• I am in control of my physical condition and wellness.
• I have copious energy, liveliness and well-being.
• I am hale and hearty in all aspects of my life form.
• I do not fear being unhealthy since I know that I control my own body.
• I am at all times proficient to maintain my ideal weight.
• I am packed with energy to do all the every day activities in my life.
• My mind is at silence.
• I adore and care for my body and it cares for me.

How to lead a hale and hearty life

2010-01-19T03:03:00.000-08:00

It is anticipated that genes are concerning 30% answerable for our overall physical condition (health) and on the age, while 70% is appropriate to our way of life. The following recommendations from the experts, majority of it spotlight on self-control, can assist you to live a healthier and, in some cases, a longer life. Follow the four steps for sure you can lead a healthy life.

1. Take a healthy diet

This means restrictive your entire fat utilization to 30% or less of entire calories, intake lots of fruits, vegetables and not overeating. The US Department of Agriculture, the assembly that developed the food pyramid, allows you to adapt an eating sketch based on the age, activity level, height and weight all the way through their website.

2. Do exercises on a regular basis

Find an activity that you take pleasure in and do it at least 5 days per week. Exercising is supportive for weight control, cardiovascular physical condition and bone fitness. It will also aid you to sense better by reducing strain.

3. Get rid of bad habits

Try to quit if you smoke cigarettes. If you have the habit of taking alcohol, limit yourself to two drinks per day if you are a guy and one drink per day if you are a lady. Spot out other bad habits in your existence and build up a plan for eliminating them.

4. Relax and enjoy living

Life in the 21st century is very stressful and stress has been shown the way to number of illness because it weakens our immune system. If peaceful doesn't approach easy to you, attempt an activity like yoga, tai chi or meditation.

Healthy ageing - stay involved

2009-07-14T15:19:00.000-07:00

Humans are social animals who need contact and intimacy with others to feel good about life. This is even more important after retirement, when the social contact that comes with being in the workforce is gone.

Factors such as low income, reduced physical mobility due to illness, or lack of access to transport can leave some people at home alone with nothing much to do. If this is the case, retirement may lead to social isolation, loneliness and depression. But there are lots of ways to stay involved in the wider community.

Ways to stay involved
Reach out to the immediate world around you for fun, a sense of achievement, social contact and mental stimulation. Some suggestions include:

Improve your health
Widen your circle of friends
Volunteer in the classroom, community centre or organisation
Become a mentor
Get computer savvy
Increase your physical activity.

Improve your health
For some seniors, health problems are a barrier to participation in the wider community. Suggestions include:

Control existing health issues in close consultation with your doctor. Ask for self-help suggestions to better manage your condition.
Maintain an appropriate and regular exercise routine. Walk or do strength training or water aerobics. Exercise improves physical health and boosts cognitive abilities such as memory and logic.
Eat a healthy diet.
Don’t smoke.
Limit your alcohol intake.
Turn off the television. Sitting in front of the TV for long periods every day tends to ‘sedate’ the body and mind.
Stimulate your brain with activities such as reading, crossword puzzles or ‘thinking’ games such as Scrabble, Sudoku or Trivial Pursuit.
Lively conversation is effective and fun exercise for the brain. Make an effort to be more sociable; for example, regularly invite family or friends over for a cup of tea and a chat.
If you are feeling persistently depressed or sad, see your doctor.

Health checks for men

2009-06-22T13:18:00.000-07:00

Men must have daily health checks. See your doctor for regular medical check-ups to help you keep on healthy and to pick up early on warning signs of disease or illness. Cardiovascular (heart) disease, diabetes and some cancers can often be picked up in their early stages, when treatment may be more successful.

While you have a health check, your doctor will speak to you about your medical history, your family’s history of disease and your lifestyle. Your diet, your weight, how much you exercise and whether or not you smoke will also is discussed.

If you have ‘high risk’ factors, for example a family history of a disease, it may be more likely that you will develop a particular disease. Regular check-ups may help your doctor pick up early warning signs. Other early warning signs of disease include high blood pressure.

Health care at home

Health checks and staying well should be part of your regular routine. This will help you stay healthy and pick up potential problems early. Things you can do at home include:

Skin checks – you should check your skin every three months for unusual moles or freckles. See your doctor if you notice anything unusual. Men at high risk need regular examination by their doctor or dermatologist.
Dental care – you can reduce your risk of tooth decay, gum disease and tooth loss if you clean your teeth regularly, eat a low sugar diet and visit the dentist at least once a year.
Testicle checks – from puberty onwards you should check regularly for unusual thickenings or lumps in the testicles. See your doctor if you are concerned.

Heart health checks

Health checks for heart disease may include:

Blood pressure – have your blood pressure checked every two years if your blood pressure is normal and there is no family history of high blood pressure. If your blood pressure is on the high side or you have a personal or family history of high blood pressure, stroke or heart attack, it’s best to have it checked more frequently. Be advised by your doctor.
Blood tests – these check cholesterol levels and blood triglycerides. High levels may indicate an increased risk of various health problems including heart disease. If you’re over 45, you should have these blood tests once every five years. If you’re at high risk of cardiovascular disease and have a family history, you should be tested every year from age 40.
Obesity tests – being overweight is a significant risk factor in many health conditions including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Ask your doctor to check your body mass index (BMI) and waist measurement every two years.

Diabetes
Tests for diabetes include the fasting blood sugar level test. This involves measuring the amount of glucose in the blood after you haven’t eaten for a while. Depending on your risk level, you will need to be tested annually or once every three years. Men at higher risk of type 2 diabetes include:

Those over 45 years who are obese or have high blood pressure
Those who have had angina, a heart attack or stroke
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men aged over 35 years
Pacific Islander men
Those with a family history of diabetes, who should be checked every year after they turn 40.

Prostate cancer
There are still some disagreements among experts on some elements of prostate cancer screening, so discuss the pros and cons with your doctor. If you’re over 50, an annual digital prostate examination may be recommended. This means the doctor inserts a gloved and lubricated finger into your anus to feel for changes to the prostate gland.

The prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test is not recommended as a screening test for the general population. A positive PSA blood test must be confirmed with the digital test and other tests including a biopsy of the prostate.

If you have a family history of any type of cancer, including prostate cancer, you may need to have a PSA and digital test regularly after you turn 40. Ask your doctor for advice.

Bowel cancer
The faecal occult blood test (FOBT) uses chemicals to check a stool sample for blood. If you’re over 50 you should have this test once every two years or after you turn 40 if you have a family history.

Men at high risk of bowel cancer may need a colonoscopy every five years. During this test, the doctor inserts a slender instrument called a colonoscope through the anus to visually check the rectum and large bowel for any abnormalities.

Eye conditions

Eyesight tends to deteriorate with age. It’s recommended that:

Men aged between 50 and 65 years should have a general eye examination every five years.
Men aged over 65 years should have an eye examination once a year.
Every man over 40 years should have regular eye examinations. One condition that an optometrist can test for is glaucoma. This is a serious eye condition characterised by high fluid pressure within the eyeball. Men at increased risk should be tested for glaucoma at an earlier age. Risk factors include family history, diabetes, prior eye injury, high blood pressure or use of steroids.

Bone density

Osteoporosis is a disease that causes thinning of the bones. Osteoporosis can affect men as well as women. Advancing age is a significant risk factor. A bone density test helps to determine the health of your bones. Bone density testing is most often used when people have:

Osteoporosis or concerns about osteoporosis
A vertebral (spinal) deformity
Osteopaenia (decreased bone density)
A previous fracture.

Other tests
You may need other regular tests not listed here depending on your personal or family medical history. Ask your doctor for further information.

Where to get help

Your doctor
Dentist
Eye specialist

Things to remember

Men should see their doctor for regular medical check-ups.
Screening tests help doctors to detect many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and some cancers in their early stages.
A man at high risk of a particular disease should be regularly tested regardless of his age.

Homeless Health Concerns

2009-06-04T15:11:00.000-07:00

Poor health can contribute to being homeless, and being homeless can lead to poor health. Limited access to health care can make it worse. That's why the health of homeless people in the United States is worse than that of the general population. Common health problems include

* Mental health problems
* Substance abuse problems
* Bronchitis and pneumonia
* Problems caused by being outdoors
* Wound and skin infections

Many homeless women are victims of domestic or sexual abuse. Homeless children have high rates of emotional and behavioral problems, often from having witnessed abuse.

Mental and emotional signs of abuse and addiction

2009-06-01T09:20:00.000-07:00

Abuse and addiction also affect mood, as drugs are abused for the temporary good feelings they provide. These feelings can vary depending on the drug used. Some mental and emotional signs include:

* Cycles of being unusually talkative, “up” and cheerful, with seemingly boundless energy.
* Increased irritability, agitation and anger
* Unusual calmness, unresponsiveness or looking “spaced out”
* Apathy and depression
* Paranoia, delusions
* Temporary psychosis, hallucinations
* Lowered threshold for violence

Drug Specific Symptoms

2009-05-14T09:14:00.000-07:00

Marijuana:
Glassy, red eyes; loud talking and inappropriate laughter followed by sleepiness; a sweet burnt scent; loss of interest, motivation; weight gain or loss.

Alcohol:
Clumsiness; difficulty walking; slurred speech; sleepiness; poor judgment; dilated pupils; possession of a false ID card.

Depressants:
(including barbiturates and tranquilizers) Seems drunk as if from alcohol but without the associated odor of alcohol; difficulty concentrating; clumsiness; poor judgment; slurred speech; sleepiness; and contracted pupils.

Stimulants:
Hyperactivity; euphoria; irritability; anxiety; excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping at odd times; may go long periods of time without eating or sleeping; dilated pupils; weight loss; dry mouth and nose.

Inhalants:
(Glues, aerosols, and vapors ) Watery eyes; impaired vision, memory and thought; secretions from the nose or rashes around the nose and mouth; headaches and nausea; appearance of intoxication; drowsiness; poor muscle control; changes in appetite; anxiety; irritability; an unusual number of spray cans in the trash.

Hallucinogens:
Dilated pupils; bizarre and irrational behavior including paranoia, aggression, hallucinations; mood swings; detachment from people; absorption with self or other objects, slurred speech; confusion.

Heroin:
Needle marks; sleeping at unusual times; sweating; vomiting; coughing and sniffling; twitching; loss of appetite; contracted pupils; no response of pupils to light.

Tobacco/Nicotine:
Smell of tobacco; stained fingers or teeth.

Drugs

2009-05-05T08:39:00.000-07:00

Drug in injections

Cocaine and Crack

Cocaine Powder

Renal disease

2009-04-15T13:23:00.000-07:00

Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of your fists. They are located near the middle of your back, just below the rib cage. Inside each kidney about a million tiny structures called nephrons filter blood. They remove waste products and extra water, which become urine. The urine flows through tubes called ureters to your bladder, which stores the urine until you go to the bathroom.

Damage to the nephrons results in kidney disease. This damage may leave kidneys unable to remove wastes. Usually the damage occurs slowly over years. There are no obvious symptoms, so you don't know it is happening.

Many things can cause kidney disease. You are at risk if you have

* Diabetes
* High blood pressure
* A close family member with kidney disease

Virtual private network (VPN)

2009-04-09T09:03:00.000-07:00

A virtual private network (VPN) is a computer network in which some of the links between nodes are carried by open connections or virtual circuits in some larger network (e.g., the Internet) instead of by physical wires. The link-layer protocols of the virtual network are said to be tunneled through the larger network when this is the case.

One common application is secure communications through the public Internet, but a VPN need not have explicit security features, such as authentication or content encryption. VPNs, for example, can be used to separate the traffic of different user communities over an underlying network with strong security features.

World Wide Web

2009-04-02T07:54:00.000-07:00

The World Wide Web (commonly abbreviated as "the Web") is a very large set of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a Web browser, one can view Web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them using hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, the World Wide Web was begun in 1992 by the English physicist Sir Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, and Robert Cailliau, a Belgian computer scientist, while both were working at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.

In 1990, they proposed building a "web of nodes" storing "hypertext pages" viewed by "browsers" on a network, and released that web in 1992. Connected by the existing Internet, other websites were created, around the world, adding international standards for domain names & the HTML language. Since then, Berners-Lee has played an active role in guiding the development of Web standards (such as the markup languages in which Web pages are composed), and in recent years has advocated his vision of a Semantic Web. Cailliau went on early retirement in January 2005 and left CERN in January 2007.

Acinetobacter Baumannii

2009-03-26T08:20:00.000-07:00

The body louse has been demonstrated to be the vector of three human pathogens: Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus, Bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever and Borrelia recurrentis, the agent of louseborne.

While we were isolating Bartonella quintana from body lice, 40 Acinetobacter baumannii strains were also isolated and genotyped. One clone was unique and the other was ampicillin susceptible. A. baumannii DNA was later detected in 21% of 622 lice collected worldwide. These findings show an A. baumannii epidemic in human body lice.

OSI Layers

2009-03-19T08:13:00.000-07:00

The OSI, or Open System Interconnection, model defines a networking framework for implementing protocols in seven layers. Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy.

* Application layer supports application and end-user processes. Telnet and FTP are applications that exist entirely in the application level. Tiered application architectures are part of this layer.

* Presentation layer provides independence from differences in data representation (e.g., encryption) by translating from application to network format, and vice versa.

* Session layer establishes, manages and terminates connections between applications. The session layer sets up, coordinates, and terminates conversations, exchanges, and dialogues between the applications at each end.

* Transport layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or hosts, and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control. It ensures complete data transfer.

* Network layer provides switching and routing technologies, creating logical paths, known as virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node.

* Data Link layer, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control and frame synchronization.

* Physical layer conveys the bit stream - electrical impulse, light or radio signal through the network at the electrical and mechanical level.

Aortic Aneurysm

2009-03-12T12:33:00.000-07:00

Most aneurysms -- abnormal bulges or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery -- occur in the aorta. The aorta is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

There are two types of aortic aneurysm:

* Thoracic aortic aneurysms occur in the part of the aorta running through the chest.
* Abdominal aortic aneurysms occur in the part of the aorta running through the abdomen.

Because aneurysms can develop and become large before causing any symptoms, it is important to look for them in people who are at high risk. Ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms is recommended for men who have ever smoked and are between the ages of 65 and 75. Medicines and surgery are the two main treatments for aneurysms.

An aneurysm is a bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other parts of the body. If an aneurysm grows large, it can burst and cause dangerous bleeding or even death.

Most aneurysms occur in the aorta, the main artery traveling from the heart through the chest and abdomen. Aneurysms also can happen in arteries in the brain, heart and other parts of the body. If an aneurysm in the brain bursts, it causes a stroke.

Herniated Disk

2009-03-05T11:51:00.000-08:00

Also called: Bulging disk, Compressed disk, Herniated intervertebral disk, Herniated nucleus pulposus, Prolapsed disk, Ruptured disk, Slipped disk

Your backbone, or spine, is made up of 26 bones called vertebrae. In between them are soft disks filled with a jelly-like substance. These disks cushion the vertebrae and keep them in place. A herniated disk is a disk that slips out of place or ruptures. If it presses on a nerve, it can cause back pain or sciatica.

Symptoms include

* Back pain that spreads to the buttocks and legs, when the herniated disk is in your lower back
* Neck pain that spreads to the shoulders and upper arms, when the herniated disk is in your upper back
* Tingling or numbness
* Muscle spasms or weakness

With treatment, most people recover. It can take a long time. Treatments include rest, pain and anti-inflammatory medicines, physical therapy and sometimes surgery. Losing weight can help, too.

Web page

2009-02-26T15:28:00.000-08:00

A web page or webpage is a resource of information that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser. This information is usually in HTML or XHTML format, and may provide navigation to other web pages via hypertext links.

Web pages may be retrieved from a local computer or from a remote web server. The web server may restrict access only to a private network, e.g. a corporate intranet, or it may publish pages on the World Wide Web. Web pages are requested and served from web servers using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

Web pages may consist of files of static text stored within the web server's file system (static web pages), or the web server may construct the (X)HTML for each web page when it is requested by a browser (dynamic web pages). Client-side scripting can make web pages more responsive to user input once in the client browser

Reye Syndrome

2009-02-19T08:24:00.000-08:00

Reye syndrome is a rare illness that can affect the blood, liver and brain of someone who recently had a viral infection. It always follows another illness. Although it mostly affects children and teens, anyone can get it. It can develop quickly and without warning. It is most common during flu season. Symptoms include

* Nausea and vomiting
* Listlessness
* Personality change - such as irritability, combativeness or confusion
* Delirium
* Convulsions
* Loss of consciousness

If these symptoms occur soon after a viral illness, seek medical attention immediately. Reye syndrome can lead to a coma and brain death, so quick diagnosis and treatment are critical. Treatment focuses on preventing brain damage. There is no cure.

The cause of Reye syndrome is unknown. However, studies have shown that taking aspirin increases the risk of getting it. Because of that, health care professionals now recommend other pain relievers for young patients.

Syndrome

2009-02-12T08:10:00.000-08:00

Rett syndrome is a rare inherited disease that causes developmental and nervous system problems, mostly in girls. It's related to autism. Babies with Rett syndrome seem to grow and develop normally at first. Between 3 months and 3 years of age, though, they stop developing and even lose some skills. Symptoms include

* Loss of speech
* Loss of hand movements such as grasping
* Compulsive movements such as hand wringing
* Balance problems
* Breathing problems
* Behavior problems
* Learning problems or mental retardation

Rett syndrome has no cure. You can treat some of the symptoms with medicines, surgery, and physical and speech therapy. Most people with Rett syndrome live into middle age and beyond. They will usually need care throughout their lives.

Arthritis

2009-02-05T13:50:00.000-08:00

If you feel pain and stiffness in your body or have trouble moving around, you might have arthritis. Most kinds of arthritis cause pain and swelling in your joints. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee. Over time, a swollen joint can become severely damaged. Some kinds of arthritis can also cause problems in your organs, such as your eyes or skin.

One type of arthritis, osteoarthritis, is often related to aging or to an injury. Other types occur when your immune system, which normally protects your body from infection, attacks your body's own tissues. Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common form of this kind of arthritis. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a form of the disease that happens in children.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

2009-01-29T10:05:00.000-08:00

Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis of the spine. It causes swelling between your vertebrae, which are the disks that make up your spine, and in the joints between your spine and pelvis. Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease. This means your immune system, which normally protects your body from infection, attacks your body's own tissues. The disease is more common and more severe in men. It often runs in families.

Early symptoms include back pain and stiffness. These problems often start in late adolescence or early adulthood. Over time, ankylosing spondylitis can fuse your vertebrae together, limiting movement. Symptoms can worsen or improve or stop altogether. The disease has no cure, but medicines can relieve the pain, swelling and other symptoms. Exercise can also help.

Restless Legs

2009-01-15T14:25:00.000-08:00

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) causes a powerful urge to move your legs. Your legs become uncomfortable when you are lying down or sitting. Some people describe it as a creeping, crawling, tingling or burning sensation. Moving makes your legs feel better, but not for long.

In most cases, there is no known cause for RLS. In other cases, RLS is caused by a disease or condition, such as anemia or pregnancy. Some medicines can also cause temporary RLS. Caffeine, tobacco and alcohol may make symptoms worse.
Lifestyle changes, such as regular sleep habits, relaxation techniques and moderate exercise during the day can help. If those don't work, medicines may reduce the symptoms of RLS.

Rashes

2009-01-08T14:25:00.000-08:00

A rash is an area of irritated or swollen skin. It might be red and itchy, bumpy, scaly, crusty or blistered. Rashes are a symptom of many different medical conditions. Things that can cause a rash include other diseases, irritating substances, allergies and your genetic makeup.

Contact dermatitis is a common cause of rashes. It causes redness, itching and burning where you have touched an irritant, such as a chemical, or something you are allergic to, like poison ivy.
Some rashes develop immediately. Others form over several days. If you scratch your rash, it might take longer to heal. The treatment for a rash usually depends on its cause. Options include moisturizers, lotions, baths, cortisone creams that relieve swelling, and antihistamines, which relieve itching.

Refractive Errors

2009-01-01T14:23:00.000-08:00

Your cornea is the clear front part of your eye. It is like a window that controls and focuses the light coming into the eye. If your cornea has an irregular shape, the light does not focus properly. Everything looks blurry. This is a refractive error.
Four common refractive errors are
* Myopia, or nearsightedness - clear vision close up but blurry in the distance
* Hyperopia, or farsightedness - clear vision in the distance but blurry close up
* Presbyopia - inability to focus close up as a result of aging
* Astigmatism - focus problems caused by the cornea
Glasses or contact lenses can usually correct refractive errors. Laser eye surgery may also be a possibility.

Rehabilitation

2008-12-25T14:22:00.000-08:00

After a serious injury, illness or surgery, you may recover slowly. You may need to regain your strength, relearn skills or find new ways of doing things you did before. This process is rehabilitation.

Rehabilitation often focuses on
* Physical therapy to help your strength, mobility and fitness
* Occupational therapy to help you with your daily activities
* Speech-language therapy to help with speaking, understanding, reading, writing and swallowing
* Treatment of pain

Rabies

2008-12-18T14:21:00.000-08:00

Rabies is a deadly animal disease caused by a virus. It can happen in wild animals, including raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes, or in dogs, cats or farm animals. People get it from the bite of an infected animal.
In people, symptoms of rabies include fever, headache and fatigue, then confusion, hallucinations and paralysis. Once the symptoms begin, the disease is usually fatal. A series of shots can prevent rabies in people exposed to the virus. You need to get them right away. If an animal bites you, wash the wound well; then get medical care.
To help prevent rabies
* Vaccinate your pet. Rabies vaccines are available for dogs, cats and farm animals
* Don't let pets roam
* Don't approach stray animals. Animals with rabies might be aggressive and vicious, or tired and weak.

Rotavirus Infections

2008-12-11T14:11:00.001-08:00

Rota virus is a virus that causes severe diarrhea. It can also cause vomiting, fever and dehydration. It is the leading cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. Almost all children in the U.S. are likely to be infected with rota virus before their 5th birthday.

Infections happen most often in the winter and spring. It is very easy for children with the virus to spread it to other children and sometimes to adults. Once a child gets the virus, it takes about two days to become sick. Vomiting and diarrhea may last from three to eight days.

Rosacea

2008-12-04T14:54:00.001-08:00

Rosacea is a long-term disease that affects your skin and sometimes your eyes. It causes redness and pimples. Rosacea is most common in women and people with fair skin. It usually starts between age 30 and 60.

In most cases, rosacea only affects the face. Symptoms can include

* Frequent redness of the face, or flushing
* Small, red lines under the skin
* Acne
* A swollen nose
* Thick skin, usually on the forehead, chin and cheeks
* Red, dry, itchy eyes and sometimes vision problems

No one knows what causes rosacea. You may be more likely to have it if you blush a lot or if rosacea runs in your family. Rosacea is not dangerous. It can be treated with medications and sometimes surgery.

Rickets

2008-11-20T15:21:00.000-08:00

Rickets causes soft, weak bones in children. It usually occurs when they do not get enough vitamin D, which helps growing bones absorb important nutrients. Vitamin D comes from sunlight and food. Your skin produces vitamin D in response to the sun's rays. Some foods also contain vitamin D, including fortified dairy products and cereals, and some kinds of fish. Your child might not get enough vitamin D if he or she

* Has dark skin
* Spends too little time outside
* Has on sunscreen all the time when out of doors
* Doesn't eat foods containing vitamin D because of lactose intolerance or a strict vegetarian diet
* Is breastfed without receiving vitamin D supplements
* Can't make or use vitamin D because of a medical disorder such as celiac disease

In addition to dietary rickets, children can get an inherited form of the disease.

Radon

2008-11-05T15:32:00.000-08:00

You can't see radon. And you can't smell it or taste it. But it may be a problem in your home. Radon comes from the natural breakdown of uranium in soil, rock and water. Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States.
There are low levels of radon outdoors. Indoors, there can be high levels. Radon can enter homes and buildings through cracks in floors, walls or foundations. Radon can also be in your water, especially well water. Testing is the only way to know if your home has elevated radon levels. It is inexpensive and easy. You can buy a test kit at most hardware stores or hire someone to do a test. Radon reduction systems can bring the amount of radon down to a safe level. The cost depends on the size and design of your home

Radiation Therapy

2008-10-16T02:08:00.000-07:00

Radiation is a form of energy released in particles or waves. In high doses, radiation destroys cells or keeps them from multiplying.

Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment. Its goal is to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Unlike cancer cells, most of your normal cells recover from radiation therapy. Doctors try to protect normal cells by limiting the radiation dosage and spreading treatment out over time. When they use radiation machines, they shield as much of your body as possible while targeting the cancer.

The radiation for cancer treatment comes externally, from special machines, or internally, from radioactive substances that a doctor places in your body. Sometimes radiation is used with other treatments, like surgery or chemotherapy.

Nuclear Scans

2008-10-09T05:03:00.000-07:00

Nuclear scanning uses radioactive substance to see structures and function inside your body. Nuclear scans involve a special camera that detects energy coming from the radioactive matter, called a tracer. Before the test, you be given the tracer, often by an injection. Although tracers are radioactive, the amount is small. During most nuclear scan tests, you lie still on a scan table while the camera creates images. Most scans take 20 to 45 minutes.

Nuclear scans can help doctors identify many situations, counting cancers, injuries and infection. They can and show how organs like your heart and lungs are functioning.

X-Rays

2008-09-24T21:58:00.000-07:00

You've probably had an X-ray assessment of some part of your body. Health care professionals use them to look for busted bones, problems in your lungs and abdomen, cavities in your teeth and many additional problems. For example, mammograms use X-rays to look for tumors or doubtful areas in the breasts.

X-ray technology uses electromagnetic energy to make images. The image is record on a film, called a radiograph. The parts of your body emerge light or dark due to the different rates that your tissues absorb the X-rays. Calcium in bones absorbs X-rays the most, so bones look white on the radiograph. Fat and other soft tissues take up less, and look gray. Air absorbs least, so lungs appear black.

X-ray examination is painless, fast and simple. The amount of radiation exposure you receive through an X-ray examination is little.

Radiation Therapy

2008-09-18T05:51:00.000-07:00

Radiation is a form of energy free in particles or waves. In high doses, radiation destroy cells or keeps them from multiply.

Radiation therapy is a cancer action. Its goal is to kill cancer cells and shrink tumor. Unlike cancer cells, most of your normal cells recover from emission therapy. Doctors try to protect normal cells by warning the radiation dosage and spreading treatment out over time. When they use radiation equipment, they shield as much of your body as probable while targeting the cancer.

The radiation for cancer action comes externally, from special machines, or internally, from radioactive substance that a doctor places in your body. Sometimes emission is used with other treatment, like surgery or chemotherapy.

Radiation Exposure

2008-09-11T06:30:00.000-07:00

Radiation is energy that movements in the form of waves or high-speed particle. It occurs naturally in sunlight and sound effect. Man-made radiation is used in X-rays, nuclear weapons, nuclear power plants and cancer conduct.

If you are exposed to small amount of radiation over a long time, it raises your risk of cancer. It can also cause mutation in your genes, which you could pass on to any children you have after the contact. A lot of radiation over a short period, such as from a radiation emergency, can cause burns or radiation illness. Symptoms of release sickness include nausea, weakness, hair loss, skin burns and reduced organ purpose. If the exposure is large enough, it can cause untimely aging or even death. You may be able to take medicine to decrease the radioactive material in your body.

Radiation Emergencies

2008-09-04T01:20:00.001-07:00

Radiation is a type of power. People are showing to small amounts of radiation every day from source such as sunlight. A radiation disaster would involve larger amount of radiation and could be caused by

* Dirty bombs - a mix of explosive with radioactive residue
* Fallout from a nuclear bomb
* Accidental liberate from a nuclear reactor or a nuclear weapons plant

A lot of emission over a short period can cause burns or energy sickness. If the exposure is large enough, it can cause untimely aging or even death.

Although there is no assurance of safety during a radiation tragedy, you can take events to protect yourself. You should have an adversity plan. Being ready can help reduce fear, anxiety and dead.

Rabies

2008-08-27T22:15:00.000-07:00

Rabies is a deadly animal illness cause by a virus. It can occur in wild animals, counting raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes, or in dogs, cats or farm animals. People get it from the bite of an infected animal.

In people, symptom of rabies includes fever, headache and fatigue, then perplexity, hallucinations and paralysis. Once the symptom begins, the illness is usually fatal. A series of shots can stop rabies in people uncovered to the virus. You need to get them right away. If a monster bites you, wash the wound well; then get medical care.

To help stop rabies

* Vaccinate your pet. Rabies vaccines are available for dogs, cats and farm birds

* Don't let pets wander

* Don't move toward stray animals. Animals with rabies might be violent and vicious, or tired and feeble

Biodefense and Bioterrorism

2008-08-20T22:32:00.000-07:00

Terrorism refers to the use or threat of force or violence against citizens or land. A bioterrorist attack release viruses, bacteria, or other germs to cause illness or loss. These biological agents are typically established in nature. But they can sometimes be completing more harmful by raising their aptitude to cause or spread illness, or to resist medical conduct.

Biological agent spread through the air, water or in food. They can be very hard to notice, and they don't cause illness for numerous hours or days. Some agents can also be increase from person to person. Scientists concern that anthrax, botulism, hemorrhagic fever virus such as Ebola, plague, or smallpox could be use as biological agent.

Biodefense involve medical events to protect people beside biological agents. This means medicine and vaccinations. It also means medical study and arrangements to defend against bioterrorist attack.

Smoking and Youth

2008-08-13T22:52:00.000-07:00

Nearly a 25% of the high school students in the U.S. smoke cigarettes. Another 8% use smokeless tobacco. Smoking has many health risks for everybody. However, the younger you are when you start smoking, the more harms it can cause. For example:

* People who start smoking before the age of 21 have the hardest time quit.
* About 30% of youth smokers will maintain smoking and die early from a smoking-related illness.
* Teen smokers are more possible to use alcohol and illegal drugs.
* They are more likely to have panic attack, anxiety disorders and despair.

Parents and other adults who work with children can help by caution them of the risk of smoking. They can also set a good instance by not smoking themselves.

Internet Marketing

2008-08-06T21:55:00.000-07:00

Internet marketing is the use of the Internet to advertise and vend goods and services. Internet Marketing includes pay per click advertising, banner ads, e-mail marketing, associate marketing, interactive advertising, search engine marketing (including search engine optimization), blog marketing, article marketing, and blogging.

Internet marketing is a factor of electronic commerce. Internet marketing can sometimes comprise information management, public relations, customer service, and sales. Electronic commerce and Internet marketing have become popular as Internet access is becoming more extensively existing and used. Well over one third of consumers who have Internet access in their homes report using the Internet to create purchases.Internet marketing first began in the early 1990s as simple, text-based websites that offered product information. Over time Internet marketing evolved into more than just selling information products, there are people now selling advertising space, software programs, business models, and many other products and services

Security Testing and Metrics

2008-05-15T03:30:00.001-07:00

Every IT product available makes a claim as to functionality and/or offered security. When protecting sensitive data, government agencies need to have a minimum level of assurance that a product's stated security claim is valid. There are also legislative restrictions regarding certain types of technology, such as cryptography, that require Federal agencies to use only tested and validated products.

Federal agencies, industry, and the public rely on cryptography for the protection of information and communications used in electronic commerce, critical infrastructure, and other application areas. At the core of all products offering cryptographic services is the cryptographic module. Cryptographic modules, which contain cryptographic algorithms, are used in products and systems to provide security services such as confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. Although cryptography is used to provide security, weaknesses such as poor design or weak algorithms can render the product insecure and place highly sensitive information at risk. Adequate testing and validation of the cryptographic module and its underlying cryptographic algorithms against established standards is essential to provide security assurance.

Our testing-focused activities include the validation of cryptographic modules and cryptographic algorithm implementations, accreditation of independent testing laboratories, development of test suites, providing technical support to industry forums, and conducting education, training, and outreach programs.

Activities in this area have historically, and continue to, involve large amounts of collaboration and the facilitation of relationships with other entities. Federal agencies that have collaborated recently with these activities are the Department of State, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense, the General Services Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Security Agency, the Department of Energy, the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, the Social Security Administration, the United States Postal Service, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Federal Aviation Administration, and NIST's National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program. The list of industry entities that have worked with us in this area is long and includes the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Oracle, Cisco Systems, Lucent Technologies, Microsoft Corporation, International Business Machines (IBM), VISA, MasterCard, Computer Associates, RSA Security, Research in Motion, Sun Microsystems, Network Associates, Entrust, and Fortress Technologies. The Division also has collaborated at the global level with Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, India, Japan, and Korea in this area.

Laptop or desktop?

2008-05-08T04:02:00.000-07:00

Unlike past models, today’s workhorse laptops perform much like desktops. But there are still reasons to choose one over the other that go beyond portability.

If you’ll use a laptop mostly at home, built-in wireless networking lets you use it throughout the house and easily store it when it’s not in use. And while all the Windows desktops tested are tower models you can place below a desk, the keyboard, mouse, and display take up more space on a desk than a laptop does.

What you get in return are greater storage capacity, memory, multimedia features, and expansion flexibility. Also, desktops cost less overall (prices start at roughly $400, plus another $75 or so for a CRT monitor, compared with $700 for laptops), and their more standardized designs translate into lower repair costs.

3 Mobile Network

2008-04-24T15:06:00.000-07:00

3 is the UK 's leading mobile media company offering a convergence of communications, entertainment and information .

Setting the 3G agenda - the market leader in 3G

3 are at a significant moment in the history of communications and media. They have created a different type of business by defining a new category which fuses together information, communication and entertainment in to a single mobile device.

3 is the largest 3G network in the UK and Europe

The 3 network is available across eight countries and has over 11 million customers. In the UK alone, 3 acquired 3.5million 3G customers after 32 months of operations - that's more than the other UK mobile operators combined.

In 2003, 3 launched the UK 's first video mobile network to bring new and better services to the mobile media market. Given 3G was a new technology, 3 undertook one of the fastest network rollouts in UK history and met their license regulatory requirements three years ahead of schedule.

3 UK have a list of first to be proud of. They have created the mobile media world of Information, Communication and Entertainment and are the market leader in 3G.

* 3 launched the UK 's first live video mobile news and entertainment channel, "Today on 3".
* 3 was first to stream live TV over mobile in the UK (Grand National 2005).
* 3 launched the UK 's first "over-the-air" real-time multi-player gaming over mobile.
* 3 was the first to offer customers full-length music videos on mobile.
* 3 was first to launch Videomail (the video equivalent of voice mail).
* 3 was first to premiere music singles over mobile, ahead of traditional media(Robbie Williams' "Misunderstood" video and Natasha Bedingfield's "I Bruise Easily").
* 3 broadcast the world's first ever live streamed gig (artist: Rooster, Nov 2004)3 was the first network to sign music video agreements with the major labels.

3 was the first mobile operator to offer Barclays Football Premiership highlights on video mobile.

Impact of mobile phone usage

2008-04-09T18:52:00.000-07:00

Like all high structures, cellular antenna masts creates a hazard to low flying aircraft. Towers over a certain height or towers that are closer to airports or heliports are normally required to have warning lights. There have been reports that warning lights on cellular masts, TV-towers and other high structures can attracting and also confusing the birds. US authorities estimate that millions of birds are killed near communication towers in the country …..

The Independent newspaper provided evidence for the theory that mobile phone masts are a major cause in the collapse of bee populations, with controlled experiments demonstrating a rapid and catastrophic effect on individual hives near masts.. The mobiles emittinig some kinds of radiation which are not god for human health and also not safe for our environment.. there are lot of problems are created by the this radiation… all these things want to be control immediately…

GSM cellular network

2008-04-09T18:51:00.001-07:00

GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect to it searching for cells. GSM networks can operate in four different frequency ranges. Most GSM networks are operates in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Some countries in the Americas use the bands from 850 MHz and 1900 MHz because the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands were already allocated

The rarer 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some countries, where these frequencies were previously used for first-generation systems.

In the 900 MHz band there are two different frequency dand for both the uplink and the downlink,for the uplink frequency band is 890–915 MHz, and the downlink frequency band is 935–960 MHz.. Time division multiplexing is used in this to allow eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels per radio frequency channel. There are eight radio timeslots grouped that is called as TDMA frame. Half rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot.

The transmission power in the phone is limited to a maximum of 2 watts in GSM850/900 and 1 watt in GSM1800/1900. macro, micro, pico, femto and umbrella cells these are all the five different cell size in a GSM network. Indoor coverage is also effectively supported by GSM and may be achieved by using an indoor picocell base station,
Femtocells are cells are mainly designed for use in residential or small business environments and connect to the service provider’s network via a broadband internet connection.these are all the some of the points in the GSM

Bluetooth multiplayer games

2008-03-24T20:02:00.000-07:00

Mobiles are connected through a wireless protocol known as Bluetooth using special hardware. The games are designed to communicate with each other through this protocol to split game information. The basic restriction is that both the users have to be within a limited distance to get connected. In this type of connection the game mode can only be one to one or two players extra like a peer to peer connection between two PCs.

Features of Mobile phone

2008-03-17T19:19:00.001-07:00

There are significant questions as to who first invented the camera phone, as numerous other people acknowledged patents filed in the early 1990s for the device, including David M. Britz of AT&T Research in March of 1994 and Philippe Kahn, who claims to have first invented it in 1997. The camera phone now holds 85% of the mobile phone marketplace. Mobile phones often have features beyond transfer text messages and making voice calls, including Internet browsing, music (MP3) playback, memo recording, personal organizer functions, e-mail, instant messaging, built-in cameras and camcorders, ringtones, games, radio, Push-to-Talk (PTT), infrared and Bluetooth connectivity, call registers, ability to watch streaming video or download video for later viewing, video calling and serve as a wireless modem for a PC, and soon will also provide as a console of sorts to online games and other high quality games (e.g. Final Fantasy Agito).

Uses & Design of Supercomputer

2008-03-10T20:19:00.001-07:00

Uses

Supercomputers are used for extremely calculation-intensive tasks such as weather forecasting, climate research (including research into global warming), molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), physical simulations (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion), cryptanalysis, and the like. Military and scientific agencies are important users.

Design

Supercomputers traditionally gained their speed over conventional computers through the use of inventive designs that allow them to perform many tasks in parallel, as well as complex detail engineering. They tend to be specialized for certain types of computation, generally numerical calculations, and perform poorly at more general computing tasks. Their memory hierarchy is very carefully designed to make certain the processor is kept fed with data and instructions at all times—in fact, much of the performance difference between slower computers and supercomputers is due to the memory hierarchy design and componentry. Their I/O systems have a propensity to be designed to support high bandwidth, with latency less of an issue, because supercomputers are not used for transaction processing.

As with all highly parallel systems, Amdahl's law applies, and supercomputer designs devote huge effort to eliminating software serialization, and using hardware to accelerate the remaining bottlenecks.

Earth science in Natural Science

2008-03-04T19:22:00.001-08:00

Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing word for the sciences related to the planet Earth, including geology, geophysics, hydrology, meteorology, physical geography, oceanography, and soil science.

Although mining and precious stones have been human interests right through the history of civilization, their development into the sciences of economic geology and mineralogy did not occur until the 18th century. The learning of the earth, particularly palaeontology, blossomed in the 19th century and the growth of other disciplines like geophysics in the 20th century led to the development of the theory of plate tectonics in the 1960s, which has had a similar impact on the Earth sciences as the theory of evolution had on biology. Earth sciences nowadays are closely linked to climate research and the petroleum and mineral exploration industries.

Paper Density

2008-02-25T18:31:00.001-08:00

The paper density of a type of paper or cardboard is the collection of the product per unit of area. Two ways of expressing paper density are usually used:

* Expressed in grams per square metre (g/m²), paper density is also called as grammage. This is the evaluate used in most parts of the world.

* Expressed in conditions of the mass (in pounds) of a ream of 500 (or in some cases 1000) sheets of a specified (raw, still uncut) basis size, paper density is called as basis weight. The base size and area used here based on the product type. This convention is used in the United States, and (to a lesser degree) in a very little number of other countries that use United States paper sizes. Japanese paper is articulated as the weight in kg of 1000 sheets.

Photographic Printing

2008-02-19T18:10:00.000-08:00

Photographic printing is the method of producing a final image for viewing, usually on sensitized paper from a previously prepared photographic negative.

The procedure consists of three major steps, performed in a photographic darkroom or within an automated photo printing machine:

1. Exposure of the picture onto the sensitized paper using a contact printer or enlarger.

2. Processing of the latent image through a more than one step chemical immersion process.

1. Development of the uncovered image.

2. Optionally Stopping improvement by neutralizing, diluting or removing developing agent.

3. Fixing the final print by dissolving remaining unexposed/undeveloped light-sensitive liquid.

4. Washing thoroughly to eliminate chemicals used in processing, protecting the finished print from fading and decay.

3. If finished on glossy paper, ferrotyping to enhance the reflective gloss.

4. Optional Toning of the print through extra chemical processes.

5. Texturing and drying of the finishing print.

Inkless Printers

2008-02-11T18:12:00.001-08:00

Inkless printers use paper with colorless dye crystals embedded connecting the two outer layers of the paper. When the printer is twisted on, heat from the drum causes the crystals to colorize at different rates and become visible. The technology was worked on by Zink Imaging and is now accessible (2007). Because of the way it prints, the printer can be as little as a business card, the images are waterproof, and in fact, one product slated for release by Zink Imaging is a digital camera with a printer built into it. Xerox is also working on an inkless printer which will use a extraordinary reusable paper coated with a few micrometres of UV light sensitive chemicals. The printer will use a particular UV light bar which will be able to write and erase the paper. As of early 2007 this technology is at a halt in development and the text on the printed pages can only last between 16-24 hours before fading.

Modchip

2008-02-06T18:58:00.000-08:00

Xenium Mod Chip emotionally involved to an Xbox. The 2x6 header interfaces the chip among the LPC bus, while the red soldered wire overrides the original BIOS's D0 line.A Modchip, a portmanteau of 'Modification microchip', is a device used to circumvent the digital rights organization of many popular game consoles, including those made by Microsoft (Xbox series), Sony (PlayStation series), and Nintendo (GameCube, Wii) for the purposes of playing backup, imported, pirated, or homebrew games and/or applications. They are used regularly on systems that are CD/DVD-based due to the availability and low cost of blank media such as CD-Rs and DVD+/-Rs.

Almost all modern console gaming systems have hardware-based schemes which ensure that only formally sanctioned games may be used with the system and implement regional lockout similar to the scheme used in DVD movies. The particular technical nature of these DRM systems varies by system, and may include cryptographic signing (Xbox), intentionally unreadable sectors (PlayStation, Sega Saturn), custom optical media (Dreamcast), or some combination thereof. Modchips are available also for some DVD players, to defeat region code enforcement and user operation prohibitions.

Modchips in general require some level of technical ability to install. Most commonly, modchips must be soldered on to a console's motherboard, although there are no-solder install kits (which instead rely on the precise positioning of electrical contacts within the case) which work with some revisions of the PlayStation 2 and Xbox hardware.

Clock

2008-01-29T17:26:00.001-08:00

A clock from the Latin cloca, "bell" is an device for measuring time. A clock is generally a physical instrument, an especially accurate one is called a chronometer. The clock in its recent form 24 hour clock has been in use since at least the 14th century. Clock can refer to an conceptual system of time measurement ed. see calendar for other measurements.

Practically all computers depend on an exact internal clock signal to allow synchronized processing. (A few research projects are developing CPUs based on asynchronous circuits). Some computers also preserve time and date for all manner of operations whether these be for alarms, event initiation or just to display the time of day.

Watch

2008-01-21T18:56:00.000-08:00

A watch is a little portable clock that displays the present time and occasionally the present day, date, month and year. In modern times they are generally worn on the wrist with a watch-strap, although before the 20th century most were pocket watches, which had covers and were carried separately, often in a pocket, and hooked to a watch chain. In previous times mechanical timepieces were used, powered by a spring wound regularly by the user. The creation of "Automatic" or "Self-Winding" watches allowed for a constant winding without special action from the wearer: it works by an eccentric weight, called a winding rotor, that rotates to the movement of the wearer's body. The back-and-forth movement of the winding rotor couples to a rachet to automatically wind the watch. Watches may be collectible; they are often made of precious metals, and can be considered an article of jewelry. Types of watch Pocket clock The first necessit for portability in time keeping was direction-finding and mapping in the 15th century. The latitude could be calculated by looking at the stars, but the only way a ship could measure its longitude was by comparing timezones; by comparing the midday time of the local longitude to a European meridian (usually Paris or Greenwich), a sailor could know how far he was from home. However, the procedure was notoriously unreliable until the introduction of John Harrison's chronometer. For that motivation, most maps from the 15th century to c.1800 have precise latitudes but distorted longitudes. The first logically accurate mechanical clocks measured time with weighted pendulums, which are useless at sea or in watches. The creation of a spring mechanism was crucial for portable clocks. In Tudor England, the development of "pocket-clockes" was enabled through the development of reliable springs and escapement mechanisms, which allowed clockmakers to compress a timekeeping device into a small, portable compartment It is rumoured that Henry VIII (the portrait of Henry VIII at this link shows the medallion thought to be the back of his watch) had a pocket clock which he reserved on a chain around his neck.

Wood Tree

2008-01-08T18:23:00.000-08:00

Formation A tree increases in diameter by the formation, between the old wood and the inside bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. Where there are patent annual seasons, this can happen in clearly visible layers, known as expansion rings or annual rings, as can be seen on the end of a log; where there is no seasonal difference, the layers of new wood are uniform and not readily discernible. Within a enlargement ring it may be possible to see two more or less well-defined parts. The part bordering the centre of the tree is more open textured and almost invariably lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring. The inner portion is formed early in the season, when growth is moderately rapid; it is known as early wood or spring wood. The outer portion is the late wood or summer wood, being shaped in the summer. In white pines there is not much dissimilarity in the different parts of the ring, and as a result the wood is very consistent in texture and is easy to work. In hard pines, on the other hand, the late wood is extremely dense and is deep-colored, presenting a very decided contrast to the soft, straw-colored early wood.

Wood

2008-01-01T18:10:00.001-08:00

Wood is the xylem handkerchief of woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs. Wood from the concluding is only produced in small sizes, reducing the diversity of uses. Wood is a hygroscopic, cellular and anisotropic objects . Dry wood is self-possessed of fibers of cellulose (40%–50%) and hemicellulose (20%–30%) held together by lignin (25%–30%). Artists can use wood to generate delicate sculptures.Wood has been used by man for millenia for many purposes, being many things to many people. One of its most important uses is as fuel. It may also be used as a substance, for making artworks, boats, buildings, furniture, ships, tools, weapons, etc. Wood has been an imperative construction material since humans began building shelters, and remains in plentiful use today. Construction wood is generally known as timber in International English, and lumber in American English. Wood may be out of order and be made into chipboard, engineered wood, hardboard, medium-density fibreboard, oriented strand board, paper or used to make other synthetic substances.

Electronic Mixer

2007-12-26T17:29:00.000-08:00

An electronic mixer is a piece of equipment for mixing two or more electronic signals. There are two basic types of mixer Additive mixers add two signals collectively, and are used for such applications as audio mixing. Multiplying mixers increase the signals together, and produce an output containing both original signals, and new signals that have the sum and difference of the frequency of the original signals.

Additive mixers are generally resistor networks, surrounded by impedance matching and amplification stages.

Multiplying mixers have been completed in a wide variety of ways. The most popular are diode mixers, gilbert cell mixers, diode loop mixers and switching mixers.

Heat capacity and heat of vaporization

2007-12-18T17:27:00.000-08:00

Water has the second highest specific heat capability of any known chemical compound, after ammonia, as well as a high heat of vaporization (40.65 kJ mol−1), both of which are a result of the extensive hydrogen bonding between its molecules. These two unusual properties permit water to moderate Earth's climate by buffering large fluctuations in temperature.

Ocean

2007-12-13T17:32:00.000-08:00

Ocean (from Okeanos, a Greek god of sea and water; Greek ??ea???) covers almost three quarters (71%) of the surface of the Earth, and almost half of the world's marine waters are over 3000 m deep.

This global, interconnected body of salt water, called the World Ocean, is separated by the continents and archipelagos into the following four bodies, from the largest to the smallest: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean, and, according to some authorities such as International Hydrographic Organization(IHO), a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean.

Sea water

2007-12-04T17:32:00.001-08:00

Sea water is water commencing a sea or ocean. On usual, sea water in the world's oceans has a salinity of ~3.5%. This means that for each and every 1 liter (1000mL) of sea water there are 35 grams of salts (mostly, but not entirely, sodium chloride) dissolved in it. This can be articulated as 0.6M NaCl. Water with this level of osmolality is, of course, not potable.

Sea water is not homogeneously saline throughout the world. The planet's freshest sea water is in the Gulf of Finland, division of the Baltic Sea. The most saline open sea is the Red Sea, where high temperatures and confined movement result in high rates of surface evaporation and there is little fresh inflow from rivers. The salinity in isolated seas (for example, the Dead Sea) can be significantly greater.

Water

2007-11-27T17:17:00.000-08:00

Water (from the Old English word wæter; c.f German "Wasser", Danish "Vand", Russian ???? [voda]) is a tasteless, neutral, and nearly colorless (it has a slight hint of blue) substance in its pure form that is essential to all known forms of life and is known also as the most universal solvent. Water is an plentiful substance on Earth. It exists in many places and forms: mostly in the oceans and glacial ice caps, but also as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, and sea ice. On the planet, water is endlessly moving through the cycle involving evaporation, precipitation, and runoff to the sea.

Water that humans use is called potable water. This natural resource is becoming more limited in certain places as human population in those places increases, and its availability is a major social and economic concern.

Amozon River

2007-11-21T16:59:00.000-08:00

The Amazon River (occasionally River Amazon; Spanish: Río Amazonas, Portuguese: Rio Amazonas) of South America is one of the two longest rivers on Earth, the additional being the Nile in Africa. The Amazon has by far the greatest entire flow of any river, carrying more than the Mississippi, Nile, and Yangtze rivers combined. Its drainage area, called the Amazon Basin, is the biggest of any river system. The Amazon could be well thought-out the "strongest" (largest volume of water per second).

The measure of fresh water released to the Atlantic Ocean is enormous: up to 300,000 m³ per second in the rainy season. Indeed, the Amazon is answerable for a fifth of the total volume of fresh water entering the oceans worldwide. It is said that offshore of the mouth of the Amazon filtered water can be drawn from the ocean while still out of sight of the coastline, and the salinity of the ocean is notably lower a hundred miles out to sea.

Water Injection

2007-11-13T17:40:00.001-08:00

The Water Injection technique used in oil production is where water is injected back into the reservoir generally to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production. Water injection wells are naturally found offshore. This method is used to enlarge oil recovery from an existing reservoir- Water is injected to force unrecovered oil out of tank rock and into nearby oil wells. Usually only 30% of the oil in a reservoir can be extracted. With Water Injection that percentage will be higher and the production rate of a reservoir is secure over a long period of time.

Night vision of Infrared

2007-11-06T17:53:00.001-08:00

Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is unsatisfactory visible light to see. Night vision devices control through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons which are then improved by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light.Infrared light sources can be used to augment the available ambient light for conversion by night vision devices, increasing in-the-dark visibility without actually using a visible light source.

The use of infrared light and night vision devices should not be confused with thermal imaging which creates images based on differences in plane temperature by detecting infrared radiation (heat) that emanates from objects and their surrounding environment.

Infrared Filters

2007-10-30T19:32:00.001-07:00

Infrared (IR) filters are made of polysulphone artificial that blocks over 99% of the visible light spectrum from any “white” light source. Infrared filters allow a maximum of infrared output while maintaining tremendous covertness. At present in use around the world, infrared filters are used in Military, Law Enforcement, Industrial and Commercial applications. The exclusive makeup of the plastic allows for maximum durability and heat resistance. IR filters give a more cost effective and time efficient solution over the standard bulb replacement alternative. All generations of night vision devices are greatly improved with the use of IR filters.

Infrared Emissions

2007-10-23T20:09:00.000-07:00

Heat is energy in transitory form that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conveyance or thermal convection, radiation can propagate through a vacuum.

The concept of emissivity is imperative in understanding the infrared emissions of objects. This is a material goods of a surface which describes how its thermal emissions deviate from the ideal of a blackbody. To further explain, two objects at the same physical temperature will not 'appear' the same temperature in an infrared figure if they have differing emissivities.

Heat or Heat Radiation

2007-10-16T19:24:00.000-07:00

Infrared radiation is generally known as "heat" or sometimes "heat radiation", since many people characteristic all radiant heating to infrared light and/or to all infrared radiation to being a result of heating. This is a extensive misconception, since light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun only accounts for 49% of the heating of the Earth, the rest being caused by able to be seen light that is absorbed then re-radiated at longer wavelengths. Visible light or ultraviolet-emitting lasers can char paper and incandescently hot objects emit visible radiation. It is true that objects at room hotness will emit radiation mostly concentrated in the 8 to 12 micrometer band, but this is not different from the emission of visible light by incandescent objects and ultraviolet by even hotter objects (see black body and Wien's displacement law).

Infrared

2007-10-09T18:44:00.001-07:00

Infrared (IR) release is electromagnetic emission of a wavelength longer than that of perceptible light, but shorter than that of radio waves. The name means "below red" (from the Latin infra, "below"), red being the color of measurable light of longest wavelength. Infrared radiation spans three instructions of magnitude and has wavelengths stuck between about 750 nm and 1 mm.

These divisions are appropriate by the dissimilar human response to this radiation: near infrared is the area closest in wavelength to the radiation measurable by the human eye, mid and far infrared are regularly further from the visible regime. Other definitions follow dissimilar physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the latest follow technical reasons (The common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while Inga As sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Regrettably the international standards for these specifications are not currently obtainable.

The limit between visible and infrared light is not exactly defined. The human eye is clearly less responsive to light.

Krill fishery

2007-09-25T22:36:00.001-07:00

Krill fishery is the profitable fishery of krill, small shrimp-like marine animals that live in the oceans world-wide. Estimates for how much krill there is vary wildly, depending on the methodology used. They range from 125–725 million tones of biomass globally. The total global harvest of krill from all fisheries amounts to 150 – 200,000 tones annually, mainly Antarctic krill (Euphausia superb) and North Pacific krill (E. Pacifica).

Krill are rich in protein (40% or more of dry weight) and lipids (about 20% in E. superb). Their exoskeleton amounts to some 2% of dry weight of chitin. They also contain traces of a wide array of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, carbohydrates, nucleases and phospholipids, which are intense in the digestive gland in the cephalothoraxes of the krill.

Pollination

2007-09-18T21:39:00.001-07:00

Pollination is an important step in the reproduction of seed plants: the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) to the plant carpel, the organization that contains the ovule (female gamete). The accessible part of the carpel is called a stigma in the flowers of angiosperms and a micro Pyle in gymnosperms. The study of pollination brings mutually many disciplines, such as botany, horticulture, entomology, and ecology. Pollination is significant in horticulture because most plant fruits will not develop if the ovules are not fertilized. The pollination process as communication between flower and vector was first addressed in the 18th century by Christian Konrad Sprengel.

Stratosphere

2007-09-11T22:17:00.000-07:00

From the Latin word "stratus" meaning a scattering out. The stratosphere extends from the troposphere's 7 to 17 km (23,000 – 60,000 ft) range to about 50 km (160,000 ft). Temperature in crease through height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, the division of the Earth's atmosphere which contains comparatively high concentrations of ozone. "Relatively high" means a few parts per million—much higher than the concentrations in the lower atmosphere but still small compare to the main components of the atmosphere. It is frequently located in the lower portion of the stratosphere from approximately 15 to 35 km (50,000 – 115,000 ft) above Earth's surface, although the thickness varies seasonally and geographically.

Spiral escalators

2007-04-02T04:42:00.000-07:00

Spiral escalators acquire less horizontal space than straight escalators. However, in the early spiral designs were failures. For example, one spiral escalator constructed by Reno in combination with William Henry Aston and Scott Kietzman at London's Holloway Road Underground position in 1906 was dismantled almost right away and little of the mechanism survives. The Mitsubishi Electric Corporation has urbanized successful commercial designs and has contrived curved and spiral escalators since the 1980s.
Notable sets of spiral escalators are situated in the Westfield San Francisco Centre in San Francisco, California, and at Forum Shops at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Times Square shopping mall in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong, also features four curved escalators, as do Wheelock Place in Singapore.

Carriage

2007-03-20T22:34:00.000-07:00

The standard definition of a carriage is a four-wheeled horse drawn personal passenger vehicle with leaf springs or leather robust for postponement, whether light, smart and fast or large and relaxed. Compare the public conveyance stagecoach, charabanc, and omnibus.
A medium that is not sprung is a wagon. An American buckboard or Conestoga wagon or "prairie schooner" was never taken for a carriage, but a waggonette was an enjoyment vehicle, with lengthways seats.
The word car meaning "wheeled vehicle", came from Norman French at the start of the 14th century; it was absolute to cover automobile in 1896.
In the British Isles and many Commonwealth countries, a railway carriage (also called a coach) is a railroad car planned and prepared for transporting passengers.
In the United States, a baby carriage is a wheeled transportation for recline infants (in English outside North America: perambulator or pram), often with a hood that can be adjusted to protect the baby from the sun.